Example: Using NOTcentrifugal NOT centripetal Parentheses: () Use this when you want results that contain one specific keyword but not another. Make sure to put your keywords in the correct order when using NOT, as the search results provided will exclude the latter keyword.
NOT will provide search results containing the first of your keywords but not the second. Example: Using ORhorticultural OR agricultural NOT Use this when you want results that contain at least one (though not necessarily both) of your chosen keywords. OR will provide search results containing at least one of your keywords. Example: Using ANDAnthropocene AND climate change AND ecosystem OR Use this when you want results that contain two or more specific keywords. This will return results containing words such as “development,” “developer,” and “developing.”ĪND will provide search results containing both or all of your keywords. Provides results that contain a variation of the keyword Provides results that contain the first keyword but not the secondĪllows you to group together keywords and control the order in which the terms will be searched Provides results that contain either keyword Provides results that contain both or all keywords
Useful Boolean operators Boolean operator It’s also very helpful when you’re working on a literature review or systematic review. Knowing how to use Boolean operators effectively can save you a lot of time and help you to find useful sources, determine the relevance of your research topic, and create strong research questions. Frequently asked questions about Boolean operators.
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